마리아 이즈키에르도(Maria Izquierdo), 멕시코, 초현실주의, 화가, 1902-1955
자화상과 마을의 서커스 등을 많이 그린 멕시코의 '마리아 이스키에르도'는, 원시적인 흙빛 색감과 초현실적인 작품 분위기로 높이 평가 받았습니다. 원주민들의 토착적 특징을 강조했으며, 남성 위주의 사회에서 힘들게 고통받는 여성들의 애환을 표현했죠.
매우 일찍 결혼한 그녀는 그 시대의 관습대로 아내이자 어머니로 조용히 살았지만, 미술에 대한 갈망을 좇아 과감히 그 자리를 내어놓고 화가가 되었습니다. 당당한 그녀의 개인전이 크게 성공하자 많은 견제를 받기 시작했죠.
'멕시코적인 느낌을 예술로 능숙하게 풀어내는 재주를 가진 학생'이라며 칭찬하던 멕시코 최고의 미술가 '디에고 리베라'는, 이미 그녀가 작업을 시작한 시청 벽화 프로젝트를 빼앗아버리기도 했답니다.
부당함에 맞서고, 자신의 능력을 검증해 보여주려던 마리아는 끝까지 벽화를 완성시켜, 시청 대신 대학 강당에 걸었답니다.
About Her
1) Summary of María Izquierdo
Developing her unique visual language during the post-revolutionary decades in Mexico, María Izquierdo brought indigenous motifs into the present and gave them new layers of meanings. In her hands, evocations of Mexico's heritage invited reflections on both personal and social histories (as well as the two's intertwinement). Izquierdo stood out from her (male-dominated) artistic circle especially by using her art to bring attention to the struggles facing modern Mexican women living under traditional patriarchy. Today she is celebrated as a pioneering woman artist who fought against oppression and censorship by the art establishment and who provided a path for younger generations to follow in creating new works that proudly celebrated their heritage and identity.
2) Accomplishments
Izquierdo is known for her signature sculptural rendering of human figures that drew inspiration from indigenous sculptures and reliefs. Such a method allowed her to allude to Mexico's pre-Hispanic heritage without necessarily painting traditional imagery. Rather, her rendering technique brought the reference into the contemporary, showing the over-layering of the present and the past in modern life.
While the use of indigenous motifs was not new in Mexican art at the time, Izquierdo paved the way for traditional motifs and folklore to be used in new and more artistically capacious ways. They were no longer restricted to serving as symbols of patriotic values for a male-centered nationalist narrative. She redefined what it meant to portray modern Mexican identity "without falling into Mexican curios," as she put it, that is, the use of heritage objects as a signifier of a monolithic traditional identity. Instead, she incorporated those motifs within the framework of a dynamic and international Mexican modernism.
Izquierdo imbued her works with a feminist consciousness that was ahead of her time. Through her artworks she gave new meanings to womanhood and femininity, celebrating power, courage, and independence, and breaking from conventional gender roles and ideas of women as subservient to men. She brought the personal into an art world that valorized public and masculine national identity and resisted women's participation. Her artworks align with the later feminist credo, "The personal is political," as art historian Nancy Deffebach has noted.
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