앤디 워홀(Andy Warhol), 미국, 예술가, 1928-1987
'앤디 워홀'이 "캠벨 깡통 수프"로 팝아티스트의 이름을 날리기 훨씬 이전, 그러니까 '취준생' 시절에 그는 구두 드로잉으로 패션 잡지사에 취직할 수 있었습니다.
세련된 디자인뿐만 아니라 그림 위에 장식을 붙여 정교함을 살릴 만큼 디테일한 감각으로 단번에 돈 잘 버는 상업 미술가가 되죠. 하지만 예술가가 되고 싶었던 앤디 워홀은 '만화'에 필이 꽂혔으나 리히텐슈타인의 2인자가 되고 싶지는 않아 포기한답니다.
그리고 그가 선택한 소재는, 대량생산으로 소비되는 자본주의의 상징 상품들. 캠벨스프 캔, 코카콜라 등의 이미지로 작품을 만들었고, 마릴린 몬로 등 셀럽들의 얼굴을 실크스크린으로 마구 찍어냈죠.
그는 자신의 작업실도 '공장 Factory'이라고 이름 붙였습니다. 실제 구두 수집광이기도 한 '앤디 워홀'이, 1950년 무렵에 디자인한 화려한 구두를 신어보시렵니까?
About Him
Andy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, was the youngest of three sons born to Andrej Warhola and Julia Zavacky Warhola. His parents immigrated to the United States from the European region that is now Slovakia, settling into the working-class neighborhood of Uptown in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Warhol graduated from Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh with a Bachelor of Fine Art in Pictorial Design in 1949 and soon after moved to New York City to pursue a career as a commercial artist.
Throughout the 1950s, he became one of the most successful illustrators of his time and won numerous awards for his work. His clients included Tiffany & Co., The New York Times, I. Miller Shoes, Bonwit Teller, Columbia Records, Fleming-Joffe, NBC, and others. Much of his commercial work was based on photographs and other source images, a process he would use for the rest of his life. While he continued to work as a commercial artist throughout his career, in the early 60s Warhol transitioned into the fine art world, gaining notoriety in the nascent Pop Art movement.
In this black and white photograph, Andy Warhol appears from the shoulders up on the left side of the image. He wears a hooded jacket and dark sunglasses.Early Pop paintings were based on comics and ads, with his series of Campbell’s Soup Cans in 1962 creating a buzz in the art world that launched Warhol as a celebrity. Other early subjects drew upon Warhol’s life-long fascination with Hollywood and sensationalism; in 1962 he began a large series of celebrity portraits, including Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, and Elizabeth Taylor. He also produced a series of “death and disaster” paintings at this time – canvases included images of electric chairs, suicides, and car crashes.
Throughout his career Warhol continually explored different mediums to create art. In 1963 he began to make films, and created many classics of avant-garde cinema, including Sleep (1963), Empire (1964), Kiss (1963-64), The Chelsea Girls (1966), and a body of work known as Screen Tests (4-minute portrait films, from 1964-1966). He broadened his activities into the realm of performance art with a traveling multimedia show called The Exploding Plastic Inevitable, which featured the rock and roll band The Velvet Underground.
Andy Warhol poses with a step guide.On June 3, 1968, Valerie Solanas, a writer who had appeared in Warhol’s film I, a Man (1967-68), came into the studio and shot Warhol in the chest, angered over a script she wrote and thought Warhol stole. In the year following his recovery he co-founded Interview, a magazine devoted to film, fashion, and popular culture that continues to this day. Interview testified to Warhol’s lifelong obsession with film stars and other contemporary celebrities.
The contents of one of Warhol’s Time Capsules. There are several books, pieces of artwork by Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat, a hand painted turtleneck by Kenny Scharf with a large, blue cartoonish face painted on the front, a Mickey Mouse figurine, ties, postcards, and documents, among other things.In 1974 Warhol started a series of Time Capsules, cardboard boxes that he filled with the materials of his everyday life, including mail, photos, art, clothing, collectibles, etc. The Time Capsules number over 600 boxes, providing an intimate and detailed look at the artist’s life and process.
Warhol accepted commission work as early as 1963, but portrait commissions became a significant source of output and income as he mixed further with New York’s high society circles. Whether captured in photographs or paintings, Warhol’s work blurred the lines between artist, socialite, and celebrity with his 70s and 80s work, capturing the images of everyone from Liza Minnelli, Halston, Grace Jones, Mick Jagger, and many others.
In the mid-80s, Warhol collaborated on artworks with young artists including Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring. Warhol and Basquiat together produced over 150 collaborative canvases over a four-year period. In the mid-1980s his television shows, Andy Warhol’s TV and Andy Warhol’s Fifteen Minutes, aired on Madison Square Garden cable television and on MTV.
In addition to his many portrait commissions, from the 1970s onward, Warhol’s solo output continued producing a prolific number of paintings, prints, photographs, and drawings. Series including Mao, Ladies and Gentlemen, Skulls, Oxidation, and many others, culminating in his Last Supper paintings, which were shown in Milan in early 1987.
Warhol died in New York City on February 22, 1987, due to complications following surgery to remove his gall bladder. After Warhol’s death The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. was founded to promote the “advancement of visual arts.” The Andy Warhol Museum was announced in 1989 and opened in Pittsburgh in 1994.
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